{"id":77,"date":"2017-12-10T22:56:35","date_gmt":"2017-12-10T14:56:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/chenqing.blog\/?p=77"},"modified":"2019-02-23T21:50:45","modified_gmt":"2019-02-23T13:50:45","slug":"%e4%b8%ad%e6%9c%ac%e8%81%aa%e6%af%94%e7%89%b9%e5%b8%81%e8%ae%ba%e6%96%87","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.chenqing.work\/?p=77","title":{"rendered":"\u4e2d\u672c\u806a\u6bd4\u7279\u5e01\u8bba\u6587"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

\u7ffb\u8bd1\u4e00\u904d\uff0c\u52a0\u6df1\u7406\u89e3<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

\u4e2d\u672c\u806a\uff08Satoshi Nakamoto\uff09<\/a>\uff0c\u53c8\u8bd1\u4e2d\u672c\u54f2\u53f2\uff0c\u4e8e2008\u5e74\u53d1\u5e03\u4e86\u6bd4\u7279\u5e01\u7684\u521b\u4e16\u8bba\u6587\u300aBitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System\u300b<\/a>\u3002\u5728\u8bba\u6587\u4e2d\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u57fa\u4e8e\u52a0\u5bc6\u6280\u672f\u7684\u7535\u5b50\u8d27\u5e01\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System<\/h1>\n\n\n\n

Abstract: \u7eaf\u70b9\u5bf9\u70b9\u7248\u672c\u7684\u7535\u5b50\u73b0\u91d1\u7cfb\u7edf\u5c06\u5141\u8bb8\u76f4\u63a5\u4ece\u4e00\u65b9\u5728\u7ebf\u4ed8\u6b3e\u5230\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u7ecf\u8fc7\u4e00\u4e2a\u91d1\u878d\u673a\u6784\u3002\u6570\u5b57\u7b7e\u540d\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u4f46\u5982\u679c\u4ecd\u7136\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ef\u4fe1\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u6765\u9632\u6b62\u53cc\u82b1\uff0c\u5c31\u5c06\u4e27\u5931\u610f\u4e49\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u57fa\u4e8e\u70b9\u5bf9\u70b9\u7f51\u7edc\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u53cc\u82b1\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u3002\u70b9\u5bf9\u70b9\u7f51\u7edc\u6dfb\u52a0\u65f6\u95f4\u6233\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e3a\u5c06\u4ea4\u6613\u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u6dfb\u52a0\u5230\u4e00\u6761\u4e0d\u65ad\u589e\u957f\u7684\u94fe\u4e2d\u2014\u2014\u8be5\u94fe\u91c7\u7528\u57fa\u4e8e\u54c8\u5e0c\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u91cf\u8bc1\u660e\u65b9\u5f0f\u8fdb\u884c\u589e\u957f\uff0c\u4fee\u6539\u8bb0\u5f55\u5fc5\u987b\u91cd\u65b0\u8fdb\u884c\u5de5\u4f5c\u91cf\u8bc1\u660e\u3002\u6700\u957f\u7684\u94fe\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4f5c\u4e3a\u89c2\u5bdf\u5230\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5e8f\u5217\u7684\u8bc1\u660e\uff0c\u4e5f\u4f5c\u4e3a\u81ea\u8eab\u6765\u81ea\u6700\u5927\u7b97\u529b\u6c60\u7684\u8bc1\u660e\u3002\u53ea\u8981\u70b9\u5bf9\u70b9\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u7b97\u529b\u88ab\u5408\u4f5c\u8282\u70b9\u638c\u63e1\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5c31\u80fd\u591f\u8d85\u8fc7\u653b\u51fb\u8005\uff0c\u751f\u6210\u6700\u957f\u7684\u94fe\u3002\u8be5\u7f51\u7edc\u672c\u8eab\u9700\u8981\u6700\u5c0f\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u6d88\u606f\u4ee5\u5c3d\u529b\u800c\u4e3a\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u5e7f\u64ad\uff0c\u8282\u70b9\u53ef\u4ee5\u968f\u610f\u79bb\u5f00\u6216\u91cd\u65b0\u52a0\u5165\u7f51\u7edc\uff0c\u5e76\u63a5\u53d7\u6700\u957f\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u91cf\u8bc1\u660e\u94fe\uff0c\u4ee5\u6b64\u786e\u8bc1\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e0d\u5728\u7f51\u7edc\u671f\u95f4\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u4e8b\u3002<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

1. Introduction<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u4e0a\u7684\u5546\u4e1a\u51e0\u4e4e\u5b8c\u5168\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u91d1\u878d\u673a\u6784\u4f5c\u4e3a\u53ef\u4fe1\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u6765\u5904\u7406\u7535\u5b50\u652f\u4ed8\u3002\u867d\u7136\u5728\u5927\u591a\u6570\u4ea4\u6613\u4e0b\u7cfb\u7edf\u90fd\u8fd0\u884c\u826f\u597d\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u79cd\u57fa\u4e8e\u4fe1\u4efb\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u4ecd\u6709\u5176\u56fa\u6709\u5f31\u70b9\u3002\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u53ef\u9006\u7684\u4ea4\u6613\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u91d1\u878d\u673a\u6784\u4e0d\u80fd\u907f\u514d\u8c03\u89e3\u7ea0\u7eb7\u3002\u8c03\u89e3\u7684\u6210\u672c\u589e\u52a0\u4e86\u4ea4\u6613\u6210\u672c\uff0c\u9650\u5236\u4e86\u6700\u5c0f\u7684\u5b9e\u9645\u4ea4\u6613\u89c4\u6a21\uff0c\u5207\u65ad\u4e86\u5c0f\u989d\u4e34\u65f6\u4ea4\u6613\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e3a\u4e0d\u53ef\u9006\u670d\u52a1\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e0d\u53ef\u9006\u652f\u4ed8\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u4e27\u5931\u800c\u4ea7\u751f\u66f4\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u6210\u672c\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u4ea4\u6613\u53ef\u88ab\u9006\u8f6c\uff0c\u5bf9\u4fe1\u4efb\u7684\u8981\u6c42\u589e\u52a0\u3002\u5546\u5bb6\u5fc5\u987b\u8b66\u60d5\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u987e\u5ba2\uff0c\u5c3d\u53ef\u80fd\u591a\u5730\u83b7\u53d6\u4ed6\u4eec\u672c\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u4e00\u5b9a\u6bd4\u4f8b\u7684\u6b3a\u8bc8\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u907f\u514d\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6210\u672c\u548c\u652f\u4ed8\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u4eb2\u81ea\u4f7f\u7528\u5b9e\u7269\u8d27\u5e01\u6765\u907f\u514d\uff0c\u4f46\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u673a\u5236\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u901a\u8fc7\u6ca1\u6709\u4fe1\u4efb\u65b9\u7684\u901a\u4fe1\u6e20\u9053\u8fdb\u884c\u652f\u4ed8\u6210\u4e3a\u53ef\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6240\u9700\u8981\u7684\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u5bc6\u7801\u8bc1\u660e\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u4fe1\u4efb\u7684\u7535\u5b50\u652f\u4ed8\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u5141\u8bb8\u4efb\u4f55\u4e24\u4e2a\u81ea\u613f\u7684\u53cc\u65b9\u76f4\u63a5\u4ea4\u6613\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ef\u4fe1\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u3002\u5728\u8ba1\u7b97\u4e0a\u4e0d\u53ef\u9006\u8f6c\u7684\u4ea4\u6613\u5c06\u4fdd\u62a4\u5356\u5bb6\u514d\u53d7\u6b3a\u8bc8\uff0c\u5e38\u89c4\u6258\u7ba1\u673a\u5236\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u5730\u5b9e\u65bd\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fdd\u62a4\u4e70\u5bb6\u3002\u672c\u6587\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u53cc\u82b1\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u5373\u91c7\u7528\u70b9\u5bf9\u70b9\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u65f6\u95f4\u6233\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6765\u751f\u6210\u4ea4\u6613\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u987a\u5e8f\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u8bc1\u660e\u3002\u53ea\u8981\u8bda\u5b9e\u8282\u70b9\u6240\u63a7\u5236\u7684\u603b\u7b97\u529b\u6bd4\u653b\u51fb\u8282\u70b9\u63a7\u5236\u7684\u66f4\u591a\uff0c\u8be5\u7cfb\u7edf\u5c31\u662f\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2. Transactions<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u7535\u5b50\u5e01\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a\u6570\u5b57\u7b7e\u540d\u94fe\u3002\u5e01\u7684\u8f6c\u79fb\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u6240\u6709\u8005\u5bf9\u524d\u4e00\u7b14\u4ea4\u6613\u548c\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u6240\u6709\u8005\u7684\u516c\u5319\u8fdb\u884c\u7b7e\u540d\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u7b7e\u540d\u653e\u5230\u5e01\u7684\u672b\u7aef\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002\u6536\u6b3e\u4eba\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7b7e\u540d\u6765\u9a8c\u8bc1\u94fe\u6240\u6709\u6743\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[\u56fe\u7247\u4e0a\u4f20\u5931\u8d25\u2026(image-d9e998-1512917788898)]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u6536\u6b3e\u4eba\u65e0\u6cd5\u9a8c\u8bc1\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e2a\u6240\u6709\u8005\u6ca1\u6709\u8fdb\u884c\u53cc\u82b1\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u89e3\u51b3\u529e\u6cd5\u662f\u5f15\u5165\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ef\u4fe1\u4e2d\u592e\u6743\u5a01\u673a\u6784\uff08\u9020\u5e01\u5382\uff09\uff0c\u68c0\u67e5\u4ea4\u6613\u662f\u5426\u88ab\u53cc\u82b1\u3002\u6bcf\u6b21\u4ea4\u6613\u540e\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u5c06\u5e01\u9000\u8fd8\u7ed9\u9020\u5e01\u5382\u4ee5\u53d1\u884c\u65b0\u7684\u5e01\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u4ece\u9020\u5e01\u5382\u53d1\u884c\u7684\u5e01\u53ef\u4ee5\u786e\u4fe1\u6ca1\u6709\u53cc\u82b1\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u662f\uff0c\u6574\u4e2a\u8d27\u5e01\u4f53\u7cfb\u7684\u547d\u8fd0\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u8fd0\u8425\u9020\u5e01\u5382\u7684\u516c\u53f8\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e00\u7b14\u4ea4\u6613\u90fd\u8981\u7ecf\u8fc7\u5b83\u4eec\uff0c\u5c31\u50cf\u94f6\u884c\u4e00\u6837\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u8ba9\u6536\u6b3e\u4eba\u77e5\u9053\u524d\u6240\u6709\u8005\u6ca1\u6709\u5c06\u5e01\u7528\u4e8e\u65e9\u4e9b\u7684\u4ea4\u6613\u3002\u5c31\u8fd9\u4e2a\u76ee\u7684\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u6700\u65e9\u7684\u4ea4\u6613\u662f\u6700\u5173\u952e\u7684\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u5173\u5fc3\u7a0d\u540e\u662f\u5426\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u53cc\u82b1\u3002\u786e\u8ba4\u4ea4\u6613\u662f\u5426\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u552f\u4e00\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u4e86\u89e3\u6240\u6709\u4ea4\u6613\u3002\u5728\u9020\u5e01\u5382\u6a21\u578b\u4e2d\uff0c\u9020\u5e01\u5382\u4e86\u89e3\u6240\u6709\u7684\u4ea4\u6613\uff0c\u5e76\u51b3\u5b9a\u54ea\u4e00\u7b14\u4ea4\u6613\u662f\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u5728\u6ca1\u6709\u4fe1\u4efb\u65b9\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u8fbe\u5230\u8fd9\u4e2a\u76ee\u7684\uff0c\u4ea4\u6613\u5fc5\u987b\u88ab\u516c\u5f00\u5ba3\u5e03[1]<\/sup>\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u8ba9\u53c2\u4e0e\u8005\u57fa\u4e8e\u4ed6\u4eec\u63a5\u6536\u5230\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9e\u5c31\u5e8f\u5217\u7684\u5355\u4e00\u5386\u53f2\u8fbe\u6210\u5171\u8bc6\u3002\u6536\u6b3e\u4eba\u9700\u8981\u8bc1\u636e\uff0c\u8868\u660e\u5728\u6bcf\u6b21\u4ea4\u6613\u65f6\uff0c\u5927\u591a\u6570\u8282\u70b9\u90fd\u540c\u610f\u8fd9\u662f\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u6536\u5230\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5173\u952e\u4fe1\u606f\uff1a\u5e01\u6240\u6709\u8005\u5bf9\u8be5\u7b14\u4ea4\u6613\u7b7e\u540d\u3001\u5bf9\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u6240\u6709\u8005\u7684\u516c\u5319\u7b7e\u540d<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

3. Timestamp Server<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u6211\u4eec\u5efa\u8bae\u7684\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u662f\u4ece\u4e00\u4e2a\u65f6\u95f4\u6233\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5f00\u59cb\u3002\u65f6\u95f4\u6233\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u901a\u8fc7\u5bf9\u591a\u4e2a\u9879\u76ee\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\u533a\u5757\u8fdb\u884c\u54c8\u5e0c\u6765\u5f97\u5230\u65f6\u95f4\u6233\uff0c\u5e76\u5e7f\u6cdb\u53d1\u5e03\u8be5\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\uff0c\u5982\u5728\u62a5\u7eb8\u6216Usenet\u5e16\u5b50[2-5]<\/sup>\u4e2d\u3002\u65f6\u95f4\u6233\u7528\u4e8e\u8bc1\u660e\u6570\u636e\u5728\u5f97\u5230\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u7684\u90a3\u4e2a\u65f6\u95f4\u70b9\u5b58\u5728\u3002\u6bcf\u4e2a\u65f6\u95f4\u6233\u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u4e2d\u90fd\u5305\u542b\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u6233\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u94fe\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u65b0\u52a0\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u6233\u90fd\u5bf9\u5b83\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u6233\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u589e\u5f3a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5173\u952e\u4fe1\u606f\uff1a\u5f53\u524d\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u6233\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u524d\u4e00\u4e2a\u65f6\u95f4\u6233\u7684\u6458\u8981<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

[\u56fe\u7247\u4e0a\u4f20\u5931\u8d25\u2026(image-bc4a9a-1512917788899)]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

4. Proof-of-Work<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u8981\u5728\u70b9\u5bf9\u70b9\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u5b9e\u73b0\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u65f6\u95f4\u6233\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8eAdam Back\u7684Hashcash[6]<\/sup>\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u91cf\u8bc1\u660e\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u62a5\u7eb8\u6216Usenet\u5e16\u5b50\u3002\u5de5\u4f5c\u91cf\u8bc1\u660e\u6d89\u53ca\u5728\u54c8\u5e0c\u540e\u68c0\u7d22\u4e00\u4e2a\u503c\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982SHA-256\uff0c\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u4ee5\u4e00\u5b9a\u6570\u91cf\u7684\u96f6\u6bd4\u7279\u4f4d\u5f00\u59cb\u3002\u6240\u9700\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u5de5\u4f5c\u91cf\u4e0e\u8981\u6c42\u7684\u96f6\u6bd4\u7279\u4f4d\u7684\u6570\u91cf\u5448\u6307\u6570\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u7b54\u6848\u901a\u8fc7\u4e00\u6b21\u54c8\u5e0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u9a8c\u8bc1\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u6233\u7f51\u7edc\uff0c\u5de5\u4f5c\u91cf\u8bc1\u660e\u673a\u5236\u8fd9\u6837\u5b9e\u73b0\uff1a\u5728\u533a\u5757\u4e2d\u9012\u589e\u4e00\u4e2anonce\u503c\uff0c\u9488\u5bf9\u6bcf\u6b21\u7684nonce\uff0c\u8ba1\u7b97\u6574\u4e2a\u533a\u5757\u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u627e\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\uff0c\u8be5\u503c\u6ee1\u8db3\u6240\u8981\u6c42\u7684\u96f6\u6bd4\u7279\u4f4d\u6570\u91cf\u3002\u4e00\u65e6CPU\u5df2\u7ecf\u82b1\u8d39\u4e86\u52aa\u529b\u4f7f\u5176\u6ee1\u8db3\u5de5\u4f5c\u91cf\u8bc1\u660e\uff0c\u4e0d\u91cd\u505a\u8be5\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u65e0\u6cd5\u6539\u53d8\u5757\u3002\u540e\u6765\u7684\u5757\u88ab\u653e\u5165\u94fe\u540e\uff0c\u6539\u53d8\u8be5\u5757\u6240\u9700\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u91cf\u5c06\u5305\u62ec\u91cd\u505a\u4e4b\u540e\u6240\u6709\u5757\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[\u56fe\u7247\u4e0a\u4f20\u5931\u8d25\u2026(image-1408b3-1512917788899)]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5de5\u4f5c\u91cf\u8bc1\u660e\u673a\u5236\u4e5f\u89e3\u51b3\u4e86\u5728\u591a\u6570\u51b3\u7b56\u5236\u5b9a\u4e2d\u786e\u5b9a\u54ea\u4e2a\u4e3a\u4ee3\u8868\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5927\u591a\u6570\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e2aIP\u5730\u5740\u4e00\u7968\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u5206\u914d\u8bb8\u591aIP\u7684\u4eba\u5c06\u53ef\u4ee5\u7834\u574f\u8be5\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002\u5de5\u4f5c\u91cf\u8bc1\u660e\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u662f\u4e00\u4e2aCPU\u4e00\u7968\u3002\u5927\u591a\u6570\u7684\u51b3\u5b9a\u7531\u6700\u957f\u7684\u94fe\u4ee3\u8868\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5176\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u6700\u591a\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u91cf\u8bc1\u660e\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u7684CPU\u80fd\u529b\u90fd\u662f\u7531\u8bda\u5b9e\u7684\u8282\u70b9\u6765\u63a7\u5236\uff0c\u8bda\u5b9e\u7684\u94fe\u6761\u5c31\u4f1a\u589e\u957f\u6700\u5feb\uff0c\u8d85\u8fc7\u4efb\u4f55\u7ade\u4e89\u94fe\u3002\u8981\u4fee\u6539\u8fc7\u53bb\u7684\u5757\uff0c\u653b\u51fb\u8005\u5c06\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u91cd\u505a\u4e4b\u540e\u6240\u6709\u533a\u5757\u7684\u5de5\u7a0b\u8bc1\u660e\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u8d76\u4e0a\u5e76\u8d85\u8d8a\u8bda\u5b9e\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u7a0d\u540e\u6211\u4eec\u4f1a\u5c55\u793a\u4e00\u4e2a\u8f83\u6162\u653b\u51fb\u8005\u8ffd\u8d76\u7684\u6982\u7387\u968f\u7740\u968f\u540e\u7684\u5757\u88ab\u6dfb\u52a0\uff0c\u6307\u6570\u6027\u5730\u51cf\u5c0f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4e3a\u4e86\u8865\u507f\u786c\u4ef6\u901f\u5ea6\u7684\u589e\u52a0\u548c\u968f\u7740\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u63a8\u79fb\u5bf9\u8fd0\u884c\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5174\u8da3\u53d8\u52a8\uff0c\u5de5\u4f5c\u91cf\u8bc1\u660e\u7684\u96be\u5ea6\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e2a\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u6570\u2014\u2014\u6bcf\u5c0f\u65f6\u751f\u6210\u533a\u5757\u6570\u91cf\u3002\u5982\u679c\u533a\u5757\u4ea7\u751f\u5f97\u592a\u5feb\uff0c\u96be\u5ea6\u5c31\u4f1a\u589e\u52a0\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5173\u952e\u4fe1\u606f\uff1a\u901a\u8fc7\u9012\u589enonce\uff0c\u83b7\u5f97\u7b26\u5408\u8981\u6c42\u7684hash\u503c\uff1b\u6839\u636e\u5168\u7f51\u7b97\u529b\u53d8\u5316\u8c03\u6574\u96be\u5ea6<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

5. Network<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u8fd0\u884c\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u6b65\u9aa4\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

  1. \u65b0\u4ea4\u6613\u5e7f\u64ad\u7ed9\u6240\u6709\u8282\u70b9\u3002<\/li>
  2. \u6bcf\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u6536\u96c6\u65b0\u7684\u4ea4\u6613\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u5757\u3002<\/li>
  3. \u6bcf\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u662f\u627e\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u56f0\u96be\u7684\u5757\u5de5\u4f5c\u91cf\u8bc1\u660e\u3002<\/li>
  4. \u5f53\u8282\u70b9\u53d1\u73b0\u5de5\u4f5c\u91cf\u8bc1\u660e\u65f6\uff0c\u5b83\u5c06\u8be5\u5757\u5e7f\u64ad\u7ed9\u6240\u6709\u8282\u70b9\u3002<\/li>
  5. \u53ea\u6709\u5728\u5757\u4e2d\u6240\u6709\u4ea4\u6613\u90fd\u6709\u6548\u4e14\u5c1a\u672a\u652f\u8fc7\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u8282\u70b9\u624d\u63a5\u53d7\u8be5\u5757\u3002<\/li>
  6. \u8282\u70b9\u901a\u8fc7\u5728\u94fe\u4e0a\u521b\u5efa\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u5757\u6765\u8868\u793a\u4ed6\u4eec\u63a5\u53d7\u4e86\u8be5\u5757\uff0c\u5e76\u4f7f\u7528\u63a5\u53d7\u5757\u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u65b0\u521b\u5efa\u5757\u7684\u524d\u5bfc\u54c8\u5e0c\u3002<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n

    \u8282\u70b9\u603b\u662f\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6700\u957f\u7684\u94fe\u662f\u6b63\u786e\u7684\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u7ee7\u7eed\u6269\u5c55\u5b83\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4e24\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u540c\u65f6\u5e7f\u64ad\u4e86\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u5757\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u7248\u672c\uff0c\u5219\u4f1a\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u8282\u70b9\u5148\u63a5\u6536\u5230\u8fd9\u4e00\u4e2a\u6216\u90a3\u4e00\u4e2a\u3002\u5728\u90a3\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5728\u6536\u5230\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5757\u4e0a\u9762\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f46\u4fdd\u5b58\u5176\u4ed6\u5206\u652f\uff0c\u4ee5\u9632\u5176\u4ed6\u5206\u652f\u53d8\u5f97\u66f4\u957f\u3002\u5f53\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u5de5\u4f5c\u91cf\u8bc1\u660e\u88ab\u627e\u5230\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5206\u652f\u53d8\u5f97\u66f4\u957f\u65f6\uff0c\u5747\u52bf\u5c06\u88ab\u6253\u7834; \u5728\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u5206\u652f\u4e0a\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u8282\u70b9\u4f1a\u5207\u6362\u5230\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8f83\u957f\u7684\u5206\u652f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u65b0\u4ea4\u6613\u7684\u5e7f\u64ad\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u8981\u5230\u8fbe\u6240\u6709\u7684\u8282\u70b9\u3002\u53ea\u8981\u4ed6\u4eec\u5230\u8fbe\u5f88\u591a\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u4e0d\u4e45\u5c31\u4f1a\u8fdb\u5165\u4e00\u4e2a\u5757\u3002\u5757\u5e7f\u64ad\u4e5f\u5bb9\u5fcd\u6d88\u606f\u4e22\u5931\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u6ca1\u6709\u6536\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u5757\uff0c\u5b83\u4f1a\u5728\u6536\u5230\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u5757\u65f6\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\u9519\u8fc7\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5757\uff0c\u5e76\u8bf7\u6c42\u5b83\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u5173\u952e\u4fe1\u606f\uff1a\u4fdd\u5b58\u5176\u4ed6\u5206\u652f\uff0c\u5728\u6700\u957f\u5206\u652f\u4e0a\u5de5\u4f5c<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

    6. Incentive<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

    \u6309\u7167\u60ef\u4f8b\uff0c\u5757\u4e2d\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u7b14\u4ea4\u6613\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u4ea4\u6613\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u751f\u6210\u7684\u5e01\u5f52\u5c5e\u4e8e\u5757\u7684\u4ea7\u751f\u8005\u3002\u8fd9\u6fc0\u52b1\u4e86\u8282\u70b9\u652f\u6301\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7f51\u7edc\uff0c\u5e76\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u53d1\u884c\u5e01\u3001\u6295\u5165\u6d41\u901a\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6ca1\u6709\u4e2d\u592e\u673a\u6784\u6765\u53d1\u884c\u5b83\u4eec\u3002\u7a33\u5b9a\u589e\u52a0\u4e00\u5b9a\u6570\u91cf\u7684\u65b0\u5e01\u7c7b\u6bd4\u4e8e\u9ec4\u91d1\u6316\u77ff\u5de5\u6d88\u8017\u8d44\u6e90\u6316\u5230\u9ec4\u91d1\u7136\u540e\u6295\u5165\u6d41\u901a\u9886\u57df\u3002\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u673a\u5236\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd9\u662fCPU\u65f6\u95f4\u548c\u7535\u529b\u6d88\u8017\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u4ea4\u6613\u8d39\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6fc0\u52b1\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4ea4\u6613\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u503c\u5c0f\u4e8e\u5176\u6295\u5165\u4ef7\u503c\uff0c\u5dee\u989d\u5c31\u662f\u4ea4\u6613\u8d39\u7528\u2014\u2014\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5305\u542b\u8be5\u4ea4\u6613\u7684\u533a\u5757\u7684\u8ffd\u52a0\u6fc0\u52b1\u3002\u4e00\u65e6\u9884\u5b9a\u6570\u91cf\u7684\u5e01\u5df2\u7ecf\u8fdb\u5165\u6d41\u901a\uff0c\u6fc0\u52b1\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b8c\u5168\u8f6c\u79fb\u5230\u4ea4\u6613\u8d39\u7528\uff0c\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6709\u901a\u8d27\u81a8\u80c0\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u6fc0\u52b1\u53ef\u80fd\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u9f13\u52b1\u8282\u70b9\u4fdd\u6301\u8bda\u5b9e\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u4e2a\u8d2a\u5a6a\u7684\u653b\u51fb\u8005\u80fd\u591f\u6bd4\u6240\u6709\u8bda\u5b9e\u7684\u8282\u70b9\u7ec4\u88c5\u66f4\u591a\u7684CPU\u7b97\u529b\uff0c\u4ed6\u5c06\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u9762\u4e34\u9009\u62e9\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528\u7b97\u529b\u7a83\u56de\u4ed6\u7684\u4ed8\u6b3e\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u6b3a\u8bc8\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u7528\u5b83\u6765\u751f\u6210\u65b0\u7684\u5e01\u3002\u4ed6\u5e94\u8be5\u53d1\u73b0\u6309\u7167\u89c4\u5219\u51fa\u724c\u66f4\u6709\u5229\u53ef\u56fe\u2014\u2014\u8fd9\u79cd\u89c4\u5219\u4fdd\u969c\u4ed6\u83b7\u5f97\u7684\u65b0\u5e01\u6bd4\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u8054\u5408\u8d77\u6765\u6240\u83b7\u5f97\u7684\u90fd\u8981\u591a\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u7834\u574f\u89c4\u5219\uff0c\u635f\u5bb3\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u8d22\u5bcc\u7684\u6709\u6548\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u5173\u952e\u4fe1\u606f\uff1a\u5757\u751f\u6210\u6fc0\u52b1\uff1b\u4ea4\u6613\u8d39\u6fc0\u52b1<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

    7. Reclaiming Disk Space<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

    \u5f53\u65b0\u4ea4\u6613\u88ab\u653e\u5165\u94fe\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e14\u5728\u8be5\u94fe\u540e\u6269\u5c55\u4e86\u8db3\u591f\u591a\u7684\u533a\u5757\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u786e\u8ba4\u8be5\u4ea4\u6613\u4e0d\u4f1a\u88ab\u64a4\u9500\uff0c\u5219\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e22\u7403\u8be5\u4ea4\u6613\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u4ea4\u6613\u8bb0\u5f55\uff0c\u4ee5\u8282\u7701\u78c1\u76d8\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u5728\u4e0d\u7834\u574f\u5757\u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u5b9e\u73b0\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\uff0c\u4ea4\u6613\u5728Merkle\u6811[7][2][5]<\/sup>\u4e2d\u88ab\u54c8\u5e0c\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u53ea\u6709Merkle\u6811\u6839\u5305\u542b\u5728\u5757\u54c8\u5e0c\u4e2d\u3002\u8001\u533a\u5757\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u4fee\u526a\u6765\u538b\u7f29\u5927\u5c0f\u3002\u9664Merkle\u6811\u6839\u5916\uff0c\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u4fdd\u5b58\u5176\u4ed6\u5185\u90e8\u54c8\u5e0c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    [\u56fe\u7247\u4e0a\u4f20\u5931\u8d25\u2026(image-cce8d6-1512917788899)]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u6ca1\u6709\u4ea4\u6613\u8bb0\u5f55\u7684\u533a\u5757\u5934\u5927\u6982\u662f80\u4e2a\u5b57\u8282\u3002\u5047\u8bbe\u6bcf10\u5206\u949f\u4ea7\u751f\u4e00\u4e2a\u533a\u5757\uff0c\u6bcf\u5e74\u5c31\u662f 80\u5b57\u8282* 6 * 24 * 365 = 4.2MB\u3002\u57282008\u5e74\u4ee5\u524d\uff0c\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e00\u822c\u90fd\u67092GB\u5185\u5b58\uff0c\u4e14\u6469\u5c14\u5b9a\u5f8b\u9884\u6d4b\u5185\u5b58\u4ee5\u6bcf\u5e741.2GB\u7684\u901f\u5ea6\u589e\u957f\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5373\u4f7f\u5fc5\u987b\u5c06\u6240\u6709\u533a\u5757\u5934\u90fd\u88c5\u5165\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u662f\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    8. Simplified Payment Verification<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

    \u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u4e0d\u8fd0\u884c\u5b8c\u6574\u7f51\u7edc\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u9a8c\u8bc1\u4ed8\u6b3e\u3002\u7528\u6237\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u4fdd\u7559\u6700\u957f\u94fe\u7684\u533a\u5757\u5934\u526f\u672c\uff0c\u4ed6\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0d\u65ad\u53d1\u8d77\u67e5\u8be2\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u786e\u8ba4\u62e5\u6709\u6700\u957f\u7684\u94fe\uff0c\u8fd9\u6761\u94fe\u4e0a\u7684\u67d0\u4e2a\u533a\u5757\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u7528\u6237\u4ea4\u6613\u6240\u5728\u7684Merkle\u5206\u652f\u3002\u7528\u6237\u539f\u672c\u4e0d\u80fd\u81ea\u884c\u786e\u8ba4\u8fd9\u7b14\u4ea4\u6613\u7684\u6709\u6548\u6027\uff0c\u4f46\u901a\u8fc7\u5c06\u8fd9\u7b14\u4ea4\u6613\u94fe\u63a5\u5230\u94fe\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ed6\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u5df2\u7ecf\u63a5\u53d7\u5b83\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5728\u5b83\u4e4b\u540e\u53c8\u94fe\u63a5\u4e86\u65b0\u7684\u533a\u5757\uff0c\u8fd9\u8868\u660e\u4ea4\u6613\u5df2\u88ab\u5168\u7f51\u786e\u8ba4\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    [\u56fe\u7247\u4e0a\u4f20\u5931\u8d25\u2026(image-78245c-1512917788899)]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u8bda\u5b9e\u7684\u8282\u70b9\u63a7\u5236\u7f51\u7edc\uff0c\u9a8c\u8bc1\u5c31\u662f\u53ef\u9760\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u5982\u679c\u7f51\u7edc\u88ab\u653b\u51fb\u8005\u63a7\u5236\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u9a8c\u8bc1\u5c31\u6bd4\u8f83\u8106\u5f31\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u7f51\u7edc\u8282\u70b9\u53ef\u4ee5\u81ea\u5df1\u9a8c\u8bc1\u4ea4\u6613\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u653b\u51fb\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u6301\u7eed\u63a7\u5236\u7f51\u7edc\uff0c\u7b80\u5316\u65b9\u6cd5\u5c31\u4f1a\u88ab\u9ed1\u5ba2\u634f\u9020\u7684\u4ea4\u6613\u611a\u5f04\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u9632\u6b62\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u7684\u7b56\u7565\u662f\u5728\u7f51\u7edc\u8282\u70b9\u68c0\u6d4b\u5230\u65e0\u6548\u533a\u5757\u65f6\u53d1\u51fa\u8b66\u62a5\uff0c\u63d0\u793a\u7528\u6237\u4e0b\u8f7d\u65e0\u6548\u5757\u6216\u4ea4\u6613\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u4ee5\u786e\u8ba4\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u3002\u6536\u6b3e\u4e1a\u52a1\u9891\u7e41\u7684\u4f01\u4e1a\u53ef\u80fd\u4ecd\u7136\u5e0c\u671b\u8fd0\u884c\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u8282\u70b9\u4ee5\u83b7\u5f97\u66f4\u52a0\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u548c\u66f4\u5feb\u7684\u9a8c\u8bc1\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    9. Combining and Splitting Value<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

    \u867d\u7136\u5355\u72ec\u5904\u7406\u5e01\u662f\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u6bcf\u4e00\u5206\u5e01\u8981\u5355\u72ec\u4ea4\u6613\u8fd8\u662f\u4e0d\u5bb9\u6613\u7684\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u8ba9\u4ef7\u503c\u80fd\u88ab\u5206\u5272\u548c\u5408\u5e76\uff0c\u4ea4\u6613\u5305\u542b\u591a\u4e2a\u8f93\u5165\u548c\u8f93\u51fa\u3002\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u6765\u81ea\u8f83\u5927\u7684\u524d\u5bfc\u4ea4\u6613\u7684\u5355\u4e00\u8f93\u5165\u6216\u591a\u4e2a\u6765\u81ea\u8f83\u5c0f\u524d\u5bfc\u4ea4\u6613\u7684\u6c47\u603b\u8f93\u5165\uff0c\u8f93\u51fa\u6700\u591a\u4e24\u4e2a\uff1a\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u4e8e\u4ed8\u6b3e\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u4e8e\u5c06\u627e\u96f6\uff08\u5982\u679c\u6709\uff09\u8fd4\u8fd8\u7ed9\u53d1\u8d77\u4eba\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    [\u56fe\u7247\u4e0a\u4f20\u5931\u8d25\u2026(image-9631c4-1512917788899)]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u9700\u8981\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u6bcf\u7b14\u4ea4\u6613\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u4e4b\u524d\u591a\u7b14\u4ea4\u6613\uff0c\u8fd9\u591a\u7b14\u4ea4\u6613\u53c8\u4f9d\u8d56\u524d\u9762\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u4ea4\u6613\uff0c\u8fd9\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u673a\u5236\u4e2d\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u5fc5\u8981\u5c55\u5f00\u68c0\u9a8c\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u6240\u6709\u4ea4\u6613\u5386\u53f2\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    10. Privacy<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

    \u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u94f6\u884c\u4e1a\u52a1\u6a21\u5f0f\u901a\u8fc7\u9650\u5236\u5f53\u4e8b\u4eba\u548c\u53ef\u4fe1\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u5bf9\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u83b7\u53d6\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e00\u5b9a\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7684\u9690\u79c1\u4fdd\u62a4\u3002\u5728\u672c\u673a\u5236\u4e0b\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8981\u516c\u5e03\u6240\u6709\u4ea4\u6613\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u5c31\u4e0d\u884c\u4e86\uff0c\u4f46\u9690\u79c1\u4ecd\u7136\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u4fdd\u62a4\uff0c\u5728\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b9\u5411\u4e0a\u963b\u65ad\u4fe1\u606f\u6d41\uff0c\u5373\u4fdd\u6301\u516c\u94a5\u533f\u540d\u3002\u516c\u4f17\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\u6709\u4eba\u53d1\u9001\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u91d1\u989d\u7ed9\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\uff0c\u4f46\u6ca1\u6709\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u4ea4\u6613\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u4efb\u4f55\u4eba\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u8fd9\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u8bc1\u5238\u4ea4\u6613\u6240\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u62ab\u9732\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u4ea4\u6613\u65f6\u95f4\u3001\u4e2a\u4eba\u4ea4\u6613\u89c4\u6a21\u90fd\u8bb0\u5f55\u5728\u6848\u4e14\u516c\u5f00\uff0c\u4f46\u6ca1\u6709\u544a\u77e5\u8c01\u662f\u5f53\u4e8b\u4eba\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    [\u56fe\u7247\u4e0a\u4f20\u5931\u8d25\u2026(image-1f3fe9-1512917788899)]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u4f5c\u4e3a\u989d\u5916\u7684\u9632\u8303\u63aa\u65bd\uff0c\u6bcf\u7b14\u4ea4\u6613\u90fd\u5e94\u8be5\u4f7f\u7528\u4e00\u5bf9\u65b0\u7684\u5bc6\u94a5\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fdd\u969c\u5b83\u4eec\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6307\u5411\u5171\u540c\u7684\u6240\u6709\u8005\u3002\u5728\u591a\u70b9\u8f93\u5165\u7684\u4ea4\u6613\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u8054\u7cfb\u4ecd\u7136\u4e0d\u53ef\u907f\u514d\uff0c\u5fc5\u7136\u663e\u793a\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u8f93\u5165\u4e3a\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6240\u6709\u8005\u3002\u98ce\u9669\u662f\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bc6\u94a5\u7684\u6240\u6709\u8005\u88ab\u63ed\u793a\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u53ef\u4ee5\u63ed\u793a\u51fa\u5176\u4ed6\u4ea4\u6613\u4e5f\u5c5e\u4e8e\u8be5\u6240\u6709\u8005\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    11. Calculations<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

    \u8003\u8651\u4ee5\u4e0b\u573a\u666f\uff0c\u653b\u51fb\u8005\u8bd5\u56fe\u4ee5\u6bd4\u8bda\u5b9e\u94fe\u66f4\u5feb\u7684\u901f\u5ea6\u751f\u6210\u53e6\u4e00\u6761\u94fe\u3002\u5373\u4f7f\u8fd9\u6837\u505a\u5b8c\u6210\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u4f7f\u7cfb\u7edf\u5bf9\u4efb\u610f\u6539\u53d8\u5f00\u653e\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u65e0\u4e2d\u751f\u6709\u521b\u9020\u4ef7\u503c\u6216\u8005\u5f97\u5230\u4ece\u4e0d\u5c5e\u4e8e\u653b\u51fb\u8005\u7684\u91d1\u94b1\u3002\u8282\u70b9\u4e0d\u4f1a\u63a5\u53d7\u65e0\u6548\u7684\u4ea4\u6613\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4ed8\u6b3e\uff0c\u8bda\u5b9e\u7684\u8282\u70b9\u6c38\u8fdc\u4e0d\u4f1a\u63a5\u53d7\u4e00\u4e2a\u5305\u542b\u65e0\u6548\u4ea4\u6613\u7684\u5757\u3002\u653b\u51fb\u8005\u53ea\u80fd\u5c1d\u8bd5\u6539\u53d8\u4ed6\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u4e00\u7b14\u4ea4\u6613\u6765\u6536\u56de\u4ed6\u6700\u8fd1\u82b1\u4e86\u7684\u94b1\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u8bda\u5b9e\u94fe\u548c\u653b\u51fb\u8005\u94fe\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u7ade\u4e89\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u5b9a\u6027\u4e3a\u4e8c\u53c9\u6811\u968f\u673a\u6e38\u8d70\u3002\u6210\u529f\u4e8b\u4ef6\u662f\u8bda\u5b9e\u7684\u94fe\u6761\u5ef6\u4f38\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u533a\u5757\uff0c\u9886\u5148+1\uff0c\u800c\u5931\u8d25\u4e8b\u4ef6\u662f\u653b\u51fb\u8005\u7684\u94fe\u5ef6\u4f38\u4e00\u4e2a\u533a\u5757\uff0c\u5dee\u8ddd-1\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u653b\u51fb\u8005\u4ece\u7ed9\u5b9a\u7684\u843d\u540e\u4e2d\u8d76\u4e0a\u7684\u6982\u7387\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u8d4c\u5f92\u7834\u4ea7\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u5047\u8bbe\u4e00\u4e2a\u65e0\u9650\u4fe1\u7528\u7684\u8d4c\u5f92\u4ece\u8d64\u5b57\u5f00\u59cb\u8fdb\u884c\u6f5c\u5728\u65e0\u9650\u6b21\u7684\u5c1d\u8bd5\uff0c\u4ee5\u586b\u8865\u4e8f\u635f\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ba1\u7b97\u4ed6\u586b\u8865\u4e0a\u4e8f\u635f\u7684\u6982\u7387\uff0c\u5373\u653b\u51fb\u8005\u8ffd\u8d76\u4e0a\u8bda\u5b9e\u7684\u94fe\u6761\u7684\u6982\u7387\uff0c\u5982\u4e0b[8]<\/sup>\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    p = \u8bda\u5b9e\u8282\u70b9\u627e\u5230\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u5757\u7684\u6982\u7387<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    q = \u653b\u51fb\u8005\u627e\u5230\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u5757\u7684\u6982\u7387<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    qz<\/sub> = \u653b\u51fb\u8005\u5c06\u4ece\u540e\u9762z\u4e2a\u5757\u8ffd\u4e0a\u7684\u6982\u7387<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    [\u56fe\u7247\u4e0a\u4f20\u5931\u8d25\u2026(image-dd234f-1512917788899)]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u5047\u8bbe p > q\uff0c\u6210\u529f\u6982\u7387\u968f\u7740\u653b\u51fb\u8005\u9700\u8981\u8ffd\u8d76\u7684\u5757\u7684\u6570\u91cf\u7684\u589e\u52a0\u800c\u5448\u6307\u6570\u4e0b\u964d\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u80dc\u7b97\u4e0d\u5728\u653b\u51fb\u8005\u8fd9\u8fb9\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4ed6\u6ca1\u6709\u8db3\u591f\u7684\u5e78\u8fd0\u5feb\u901f\u6210\u529f\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u673a\u4f1a\u53ea\u4f1a\u53d8\u5f97\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u5c0f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u6211\u4eec\u73b0\u5728\u8003\u8651\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u4ea4\u6613\u7684\u63a5\u6536\u8005\u9700\u8981\u7b49\u5f85\u591a\u957f\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u5145\u5206\u786e\u5b9a\u53d1\u8d77\u4eba\u4e0d\u80fd\u66f4\u6539\u4ea4\u6613\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5047\u8bbe\u53d1\u8d77\u4eba\u662f\u653b\u51fb\u8005\uff0c\u4ed6\u60f3\u8ba9\u63a5\u53d7\u8005\u5728\u4e00\u6bb5\u65f6\u95f4\u5185\u76f8\u4fe1\u4ed6\u5df2\u7ecf\u4ed8\u6b3e\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5374\u628a\u5e01\u4ea4\u8fd8\u7ed9\u81ea\u5df1\u3002\u5c4a\u65f6\uff0c\u63a5\u6536\u4eba\u5c06\u6536\u5230\u63d0\u9192\uff0c\u4f46\u4e3a\u65f6\u5df2\u665a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u63a5\u6536\u65b9\u751f\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u5bc6\u94a5\u5bf9\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u7b7e\u7ea6\u524d\u4e0d\u4e45\u624d\u5c06\u516c\u94a5\u53d1\u9001\u7ed9\u53d1\u9001\u65b9\u7b7e\u7ea6\u3002\u8fd9\u53ef\u4ee5\u9632\u6b62\u4ed8\u6b3e\u4eba\u9884\u5148\u51c6\u5907\u597d\u4e00\u4e2a\u533a\u5757\u94fe\u7136\u540e\u6301\u7eed\u5730\u5bf9\u6b64\u533a\u5757\u8fdb\u884c\u8fd0\u7b97\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u4ed6\u7684\u533a\u5757\u94fe\u6070\u597d\u8d85\u8fc7\u8bda\u5b9e\u94fe\u6761\uff0c\u65b9\u624d\u7acb\u5373\u6267\u884c\u652f\u4ed8\u3002\u6b64\u65f6\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u4ea4\u6613\u4e00\u53d1\u51fa\uff0c\u653b\u51fb\u8005\u5c31\u5f00\u59cb\u79d8\u5bc6\u5730\u51c6\u5907\u4e00\u6761\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u8be5\u4ea4\u6613\u66ff\u4ee3\u7248\u672c\u7684\u5e73\u884c\u94fe\u6761\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u63a5\u6536\u65b9\u7b49\u5230\u4ea4\u6613\u88ab\u6dfb\u52a0\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u5757\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14Z\u4e2a\u5757\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u5b83\u540e\u9762\u3002\u4ed6\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u653b\u51fb\u8005\u53d6\u5f97\u8fdb\u5c55\u7684\u786e\u5207\u6570\u91cf\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5047\u8bbe\u8bda\u5b9e\u7684\u533a\u5757\u751f\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u5757\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u4e3a\u5e73\u5747\u9884\u671f\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u653b\u51fb\u8005\u7684\u6f5c\u5728\u8fdb\u5c55\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6cca\u677e\u5206\u5e03\uff0c\u5176\u671f\u671b\u4e3a\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    [\u56fe\u7247\u4e0a\u4f20\u5931\u8d25\u2026(image-455957-1512917788899)]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u4e3a\u4e86\u5f97\u5230\u653b\u51fb\u8005\u73b0\u5728\u8fd8\u80fd\u8ffd\u4e0a\u7684\u6982\u7387\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u628a\u4ed6\u53ef\u80fd\u5df2\u7ecf\u53d6\u5f97\u7684\u8fdb\u5c55\u6570\u91cf\u7684\u6cca\u677e\u5bc6\u5ea6\u4e58\u4ee5\u4ed6\u4ece\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u4e0a\u53ef\u80fd\u8d76\u4e0a\u7684\u6982\u7387\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    [\u56fe\u7247\u4e0a\u4f20\u5931\u8d25\u2026(image-18205d-1512917788899)]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u91cd\u65b0\u6392\u5217\uff0c\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u5bf9\u65e0\u9650\u6570\u5217\u6c42\u548c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    [\u56fe\u7247\u4e0a\u4f20\u5931\u8d25\u2026(image-6083b9-1512917788899)]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u8f6c\u5316\u4e3aC\u4ee3\u7801\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    #include <math.h>\ndouble AttackerSuccessProbability(double q, int z) {\n    double p = 1.0 - q;\n    double lambda = z * (q \/ p);\n    double sum = 1.0;\n    int i, k;\n    for (k=0;k<=z;k++) {\n        double poisson = exp(-lambda);\n        for (i=1;i<=k;i++)\n            poisson *= lambda \/ i;\n        sum -= poisson * (1 - pow(q\/p,z-k));\n    }\n    return sum;\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
    \u8fd0\u884c\uff0c\u5f97\u5230\u4e00\u4e9b\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\u6982\u7387\u968f\u7740z\u5448\u6307\u6570\u4e0b\u964d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
    q=0.1\nz=0     P=1.0000000\nz=1     P=0.2045873\nz=2     P=0.0509779\nz=3     P=0.0131722\nz=4     P=0.0034552\nz=5     P=0.0009137\nz=6     P=0.0002428\nz=7     P=0.0000647\nz=8     P=0.0000173\nz=9     P=0.0000046\nz=10    P=0.0000012\n\nq=0.3\nz=0     P=1.0000000\nz=5     P=0.1773523\nz=10    P=0.0416605\nz=15    P=0.0101008\nz=20    P=0.0024804\nz=25    P=0.0006132\nz=30    P=0.0001522\nz=35    P=0.0000379\nz=40    P=0.0000095\nz=45    P=0.0000024\nz=50    P=0.0000006<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
    \u4e3a\u4f7fP\u5c0f\u4e8e0.1\uff05\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n
    P < 0.001\nq=0.10  z=5\nq=0.15  z=8\nq=0.20  z=11\nq=0.25  z=15\nq=0.30  z=24\nq=0.35  z=41\nq=0.40  z=89\nq=0.45  z=340<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
    12. Conclusion<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
    \u6211\u4eec\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0d\u4f9d\u9760\u4fe1\u4efb\u7684\u7535\u5b50\u4ea4\u6613\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u4ece\u6570\u5b57\u7b7e\u540d\u6784\u6210\u7684\u901a\u7528\u5e01\u6846\u67b6\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u6570\u5b57\u7b7e\u540d\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5bf9\u6240\u6709\u6743\u5f3a\u6709\u529b\u7684\u63a7\u5236\uff0c\u4f46\u7531\u4e8e\u6ca1\u6709\u529e\u6cd5\u9632\u6b62\u53cc\u82b1\uff0c\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u4e0d\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u89e3\u51b3\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f7f\u7528\u5de5\u4f5c\u91cf\u8bc1\u660e\u8bb0\u5f55\u4ea4\u6613\u7684\u516c\u5171\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u5bf9\u7b49\u7f51\u7edc\uff0c\u5728\u8bda\u5b9e\u8282\u70b9\u63a7\u5236\u591a\u6570\u7b97\u529b\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u653b\u51fb\u8005\u8981\u6539\u53d8\u4ea4\u6613\u4f1a\u8fc5\u901f\u53d8\u5f97\u4e0d\u5207\u5b9e\u9645\u3002\u8be5\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u5f3a\u5065\u4e4b\u5904\u5728\u4e8e\u5b83\u975e\u7ed3\u6784\u5316\u7684\u7b80\u6d01\u6027\u3002\u6240\u6709\u8282\u70b9\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u5c11\u91cf\u6c9f\u901a\u5c31\u53ef\u540c\u65f6\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u88ab\u8bc6\u522b\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4fe1\u606f\u6ca1\u6709\u8def\u7531\u5230\u4efb\u4f55\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u4ee5\u5c3d\u529b\u800c\u4e3a\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u4ea4\u4ed8\u3002\u8282\u70b9\u53ef\u4ee5\u968f\u610f\u79bb\u5f00\u6216\u91cd\u65b0\u52a0\u5165\u7f51\u7edc\uff0c\u5e76\u63a5\u53d7\u6700\u957f\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u91cf\u8bc1\u660e\u94fe\uff0c\u4ee5\u6b64\u786e\u8bc1\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e0d\u5728\u7f51\u7edc\u671f\u95f4\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u4e8b\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u7528\u7b97\u529b\u8fdb\u884c\u6295\u7968\uff0c\u6269\u5c55\u63a5\u53d7\u7684\u94fe\uff0c\u62d2\u7edd\u5de5\u4f5c\u5728\u5305\u542b\u65e0\u6548\u533a\u5757\u7684\u94fe\u4e0a\u3002\u4efb\u4f55\u9700\u8981\u7684\u89c4\u5219\u548c\u6fc0\u52b1\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5171\u8bc6\u673a\u5236\u6765\u5b9e\u65bd\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
    References<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
    [1] W. Dai, “b-money,” http:\/\/www.weidai.com\/bmoney.txt, 1998.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
    [2] H. Massias, X.S. Avila, and J.-J. Quisquater, “Design of a secure timestamping service with minimal
    \ntrust requirements,” In 20th Symposium on Information Theory in the Benelux, May 1999.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
    [3] S. Haber, W.S. Stornetta, “How to time-stamp a digital document,” In Journal of Cryptology, vol 3, no
    \n2, pages 99-111, 1991.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
    [4] D. Bayer, S. Haber, W.S. Stornetta, “Improving the efficiency and reliability of digital time-stamping,”
    \nIn Sequences II: Methods in Communication, Security and Computer Science, pages 329-334, 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
    [5] S. Haber, W.S. Stornetta, “Secure names for bit-strings,” In Proceedings of the 4th ACM Conference
    \non Computer and Communications Security, pages 28-35, April 1997.
    \n[6] A. Back, “Hashcash – a denial of service counter-measure,”
    \nhttp:\/\/www.hashcash.org\/papers\/hashcash.pdf, 2002.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
    [7] R.C. Merkle, “Protocols for public key cryptosystems,” In Proc. 1980 Symposium on Security and
    \nPrivacy, IEEE Computer Society, pages 122-133, April 1980.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
    [8] W. Feller, “An introduction to probability theory and its applications,” 1957.
    \n9<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
    \u7ffb\u8bd1\u4e00\u904d\uff0c\u52a0\u6df1\u7406\u89e3 \u4e2d\u672c\u806a\uff08Satoshi Nakamoto\uff09\uff0c\u53c8\u8bd1\u4e2d\u672c\u54f2\u53f2\uff0c\u4e8e2008\u5e74\u53d1\u5e03\u4e86\u6bd4\u7279 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[7],"tags":[21,20],"class_list":["post-77","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-code","tag-bitcoin","tag-20"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.chenqing.work\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/77","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.chenqing.work\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.chenqing.work\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.chenqing.work\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.chenqing.work\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=77"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.chenqing.work\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/77\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":92,"href":"https:\/\/www.chenqing.work\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/77\/revisions\/92"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.chenqing.work\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=77"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.chenqing.work\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=77"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.chenqing.work\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=77"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}